Grey-market Euro/JDM imports and California CARB certification

Many diesels and G320s on the market are grey-market Euro or JDM imports that were not built with US emissions equipment, so registering one in California requires CARB certification at one of a small number of approved facilities. Quoted costs range from about $7,500 up to $15k and take weeks; a company like Europa can pass CA tests, non-NAS cars generally cannot, and buyers use out-of-state (Montana, South Dakota) registration as a workaround.